oralis exhibits antimicrobial resistance towards penicillin, and its antibiotic susceptibility results are very close to the results of the other “mitis group” organisms. Moreover, it is able to interact with common periopathogens, e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is closely associated with chronic periodontal disease. oralis is known to be one of the first bacteria to colonize the pellicle on enamel and to form the plaque biofilm. oralis is considered a potential pathogen that may affect immunocompromised patients as a causative factor of several acquired health conditions such as bacterial endocarditis, respiratory diseases and streptococcal septicemia. Streptococcus oralis, another microorganism inhabiting the oral cavity, is classified as the minor opportunistic pathogen strain from the Streptococcus mitis group. sanguinis and mutans streptococci have an inverse relationship as oral streptococci and bacteria commonly present in dental plaque may influence the viability and/or virulence of S. mutans strain can also be a source of infective endocarditis. Treatment involves the prolonged administration of wide-spectrum antibiotics. Streptococcus sanguinis, a strain of the “Viridans Streptococcus group” mostly found in dental plaque and cavities within the healthy oral mouth, may come to inhabit the heart valves through the bloodstream following invasive (surgical) dental procedures, leading to severe subacute bacterial endocarditis. mutans is considered to be the primary bacterium involved in plaque formation and the initiation of dental caries and the most cariogenic of all of the oral Streptococci responsible for dental caries. Biofilm bacteria have been indicated to be up to 1000-fold more tolerant of antibiotics, and this makes it hard to treat oral streptococci with standard antimicrobials. sobrinus) is undoubtfully associated with their ability to form biofilms, which are resistant to mechanical stress or antibiotic treatment. The relative pathogenicity of certain oral microbial species such as the mutans streptococci group ( Streptococcus mutans, S. A group of oral streptococci microbiota comprises cariogenic bacteria belonging to the “mutans streptococci group” and group of less or non-cariogenic bacteria co-habitating the oral cavity. It is estimated that twenty-five non-homogeneous species of oral streptococci inhabit the human oral cavity and represent about 20% of the total oral bacteria. Molecular techniques have estimated the diversity within the oral cavity to consist of over 700 species or phenotypes/genotypes. The highly diverse oral microbiota and their individual composition, including variable oral biofilms and pathogenicity, has an impact on the health and disease status of the host. The synergy between berberine and common antibiotics demonstrates its potential use as a novel antibacterial tool for opportunistic infections and also provides a rational basis for the use of berberine as an oral hygiene measure. oralis reflects the highest MBC value as assessed by the AlamarBlue assay (2058 µg/mL).
sanguinis (MIC 512 µg/mL) and the most significant synergistic action was found for the combinations BECl-penicillin, BECl-clindamycin and BECl-erythromycin. The most noticeable antibacterial effects were observed for S. A minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of BECl against OST ranged from 512 µg/mL (SS) to 1024 µg/mL (SM, SO). Here, we report that growth (viability) of all oral streptococci was reduced by exposure to BECl and was dependent primarily on exposure/incubation time. oralis ATCC 9811 (SO) and microdilution tests, along with disc diffusion assays were applied.
Three representative oral microorganisms were investigated: Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (SM), S.
The aim of the presented work was to assess the antibacterial activity of berberine chloride (BECl) in light of the effect exerted by common antibiotics on selected reference strains of oral streptococci (OST), and to evaluate the magnitude of interactions. Synergistic interactions between natural bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and antibiotics may exhibit therapeutic benefits, acting against oral cariogenic and opportunistic pathogens.
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